![]() However, its rulers, the Russian Emperors, generally disregarded any restrictions on their power. The Kingdom of Poland was theoretically granted considerable political autonomy by the liberal constitution. The area incorporated into Prussia and subsequently the German Empire had little autonomy and was merely a province – the Province of Posen. ![]() After 1804, an equivalent to Congress Poland within the Austrian Empire was the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, also commonly referred to as "Austrian Poland". The territory, with its native population, was split between the Habsburg Monarchy, the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Russian Empire. In 1915, during World War I, it was replaced by the Central Powers with the nominal Regency Kingdom of Poland, until Poland regained independence in 1918.įollowing the partitions of Poland at the end of the 18th century, Poland ceased to exist as an independent state for 123 years. It was established in the ethnically Polish lands ceded to the Russian Empire following Napoleon's defeat. ![]() Congress Poland or Russian Poland, formally known as the Kingdom of Poland, was a polity created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna as a semi-autonomous Polish state and successor to Napoleon's short-lived Duchy of Warsaw. ![]()
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